Bronchial arteries

Branch · detail · T5–T6 2 left, 1 right

Small systemic arteries to the bronchi and lung tissue: usually two on the left from the descending aorta at about T5–T6, and one on the right that most often arises with the third right posterior intercostal artery. They carry the bronchial (not pulmonary) circulation and drain partly into pulmonary veins, a small physiological shunt.

Traced from the start

  1. Descending thoracic aorta
  2. Bronchial arteries

Detail

Origin
Left: directly from the descending aorta (T5–T6); right: usually the 3rd right posterior intercostal artery
Supplies
Bronchial walls to the respiratory bronchioles, visceral pleura, walls of the pulmonary vessels

When it goes wrong

Chronic inflammatory lung disease (bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, aspergilloma) hypertrophies the bronchial arteries

Massive haemoptysis is usually bronchial, not pulmonary, in origin; treated by bronchial artery embolisation

Practise this structure

3 questions in the bank tagged Thorax.