Osteocyte phosphate sensing

Sensor / first step · Osteocyte / osteoblast

Osteocytes and osteoblasts are the skeleton's phosphate sensor. A phosphate load, a rise in calcitriol or a rise in PTH increases their secretion of FGF23, the principal phosphaturic hormone.

Traced from the start

  1. Phosphate load and hyperphosphataemia
  2. Osteocyte phosphate sensing

Detail

Secreted by
Osteocytes and osteoblasts, not by the parathyroid or the kidney
Stimulated by
Dietary phosphate load and hyperphosphataemia, calcitriol, PTH, and iron deficiency through altered processing
Processing
Intact FGF23 is the active molecule; PHEX and furin-like proteases determine how much escapes cleavage

When it goes wrong

PHEX mutation causing X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets

Excess intact FGF23: renal phosphate wasting with a low phosphate, inappropriately normal or low calcitriol, normal calcium and PTH, and rickets that will not respond to plain vitamin D; treated with phosphate and calcitriol, or with burosumab

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (tumour-induced osteomalacia)

Acquired FGF23 excess: adult-onset hypophosphataemic osteomalacia with bone pain and proximal myopathy, cured by resecting the tumour

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