Tissue factor-factor VIIa complex (extrinsic tenase)

Pathway · Factor VII PT / INR Vitamin K dep.

Tissue factor binds factor VII and accelerates its activation to VIIa; the TF-VIIa complex on a calcium-loaded phospholipid surface then activates factor X directly and also activates factor IX, which is how the extrinsic trigger recruits the intrinsic limb. This is the initiation step of the cell-based model of coagulation.

Traced from the start

  1. Tissue factor and the extrinsic triggerVitamin K cycle and gamma-carboxylation
  2. Tissue factor-factor VIIa complex (extrinsic tenase)

Detail

Components
Tissue factor + factor VIIa + Ca2+ on an anionic phospholipid surface
Activates
Factor X to Xa (the classical extrinsic route) and factor IX to IXa (the Josso loop, which links the two limbs)
Measured by
Prothrombin time; an isolated prolonged PT with a normal APTT points to factor VII deficiency, early warfarin or vitamin K deficiency
Inhibited by
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and by warfarin since factor VII is vitamin K dependent
Exploited by
Recombinant activated factor VII, which bypasses the tenase complexes in haemophilia with inhibitors

When it goes wrong

Congenital factor VII deficiency (autosomal recessive, rare)

Isolated prolonged PT with a normal APTT; bleeding severity correlates poorly with the measured factor level

Acute hepatocellular failure, for example paracetamol overdose

PT/INR rises within hours and is the most sensitive marker of synthetic function; an INR above 6.5 with creatinine above 300 micromol/L and grade III-IV encephalopathy meets King's College transplant criteria

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