Optic canal

Exit foramen · CN II

A short canal in the lesser wing of the sphenoid, medial to the superior orbital fissure, carrying the optic nerve inside its meningeal sheath and the ophthalmic artery from the middle cranial fossa into the orbital apex.

Traced from the start

  1. Forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon)
  2. Optic nerve (CN II)
  3. Optic canal

Detail

Transmits
Optic nerve (CN II) with dura, arachnoid and pia; ophthalmic artery (first branch of the internal carotid)
Bone
Lesser wing of the sphenoid; the canal is about 1 cm long and fixes the nerve so it cannot move with the globe

When it goes wrong

Frontal head injury transmitting force to the fixed intracanalicular nerve (traumatic optic neuropathy)

Immediate monocular visual loss with a relative afferent pupillary defect and an initially normal fundus

Sphenoid wing meningioma, fibrous dysplasia or Graves orbitopathy crowding the orbital apex (orbital apex syndrome)

Visual loss added to the superior orbital fissure pattern of ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and V1 numbness

Practise this structure

4 questions in the bank tagged Cranial Nerves.