Two days of confusion and a dull flank ache - Emergency Department

CurtinYear 515 min + 2 min readingRenal & urologyChallengingPre-internship
  • Focused history
  • Focused examination (abdomen and renal angles)
  • Interpret provided results: Urinalysis
  • Dx + differentials
  • Initial Mx
  • Summary to examiner

Ready

2 min reading, 15 min station, warning at 2 min

Focus the timer and press Space to start or pause.

Station - Instructions for candidate

You are an intern in the Emergency Department of Kalgoorlie Health Campus.

Bruno Zammit, a 74-year-old retired aged care worker, has been brought in by his daughter. He has been not himself for two days - muddled, off his food and complaining of a dull ache in his right side. He has type 2 diabetes and takes tablets for his blood pressure and blood sugar. Triage observations and a bedside urine test are on the notes in front of you.

Temperature36.4 degrees C
Heart rate104 beats/minute
Blood pressure96/58 mmHg
Respiratory rate20 breaths/minute
Oxygen saturation96% on room air
Blood glucose level12.4 mmol/L
Conscious stateAlert, mildly confused to time and place

Results provided:

Urinalysis

Urinalysis
ItemValueReference range
Leucocytes3+negative
NitritesPositivenegative
Blood1+negative
ProteinTracenegative
KetonesNegativenegative
GlucoseNegativenegative

Your tasks are to:

  1. Take a focused history from the patient and his daughter.
  2. Perform a focused examination of the abdomen and renal angles. Describe to the examiner what you are looking for, and the relevant findings will be provided to you.
  3. Request any relevant investigations. Results will be provided by the examiner if appropriately indicated.
  4. Interpret the results provided to you.
  5. Outline your immediate management plan, including escalation and referral.
  6. Summarise your findings and differential diagnoses to the examiner.
  • Findings will be provided by the examiner on request.
  • You are not required to perform a rectal, genital or full neurological examination in this station.
  • You do not need to consent the patient for a procedure today.

This is a 15-minute station, with 2 minutes of reading time.

Ask the examiner

Solo practice: say out loud what you would ask for, then choose the category. Names appear only after you commit, and a result is revealed only when you ask for it.

Generated by AI for practice; check doses and pathways against eTG / AMH before relying on them.