Leydig cells and ovarian theca cells (the LH target)

Target gland or tissue · LH StAR Androgen synthesis

LH drives cholesterol through side-chain cleavage to androstenedione and testosterone in Leydig and theca cells. Theca androgen then crosses to the granulosa cell for aromatisation — the two-cell, two-gonadotrophin model.

Traced from the start

  1. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator (arcuate nucleus)
  2. Gonadotroph — luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
  3. Leydig cells and ovarian theca cells (the LH target)

Detail

In men
Intratesticular testosterone reaches concentrations far above serum and is required for spermatogenesis
In women
Theca androgen is the obligatory substrate for oestradiol; excess theca activity produces the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome
Ovulation
The LH surge converts the follicle into the corpus luteum, the source of progesterone; hCG substitutes for LH as an ovulation trigger in assisted reproduction

When it goes wrong

Exogenous testosterone or anabolic steroid use

LH is suppressed and intratesticular testosterone collapses: testicular atrophy, azoospermia and infertility despite a normal or high serum testosterone

hCG-secreting germ cell tumour

LH-receptor stimulation causing precocious puberty in boys and gynaecomastia in men

Practise this structure

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