Cardiovascular practice questions

A 79-year-old woman is admitted with ongoing lower gastrointestinal bleeding and a haemoglobin concentration of 72 g/L (reference range 115–155). She is receivi…

A 52-year-old man attends for a health assessment. He does not smoke, has no diabetes, chronic kidney disease or established cardiovascular disease, and his fat…

A 68-year-old man with chronic kidney disease presents with weakness after spironolactone was added to his medicines. His serum potassium is 7.0 mmol/L (3.5–5.2…

A 56-year-old man develops sharp central chest pain 36 hours after an uncomplicated inferior myocardial infarction. The pain is worse when he lies flat or takes…

A 64-year-old man is recovering in hospital four days after an inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary interventi…

A 71-year-old man presents with three days of dyspnoea. CT pulmonary angiography shows bilateral pulmonary emboli and right ventricular enlargement; his blood p…

A 42-year-old woman has a second proximal deep vein thrombosis while taking rivaroxaban as prescribed. She has no interacting medicines, normal renal function a…

A 68-year-old man with metastatic oesophageal cancer develops a symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis. He completed treatment for melaena from the tumour tw…

A 59-year-old woman is admitted after vomiting for two days and taking sotalol for recurrent atrial fibrillation. She has several brief episodes of faintness as…

A 24-year-old woman presents with abrupt pounding in her neck and mild breathlessness that began while she was sitting at work. She is alert, warm and normotens…

A 66-year-old man is admitted with melaena from a duodenal ulcer and undergoes successful endoscopic haemostasis. He has taken aspirin 100 mg daily since a myoc…

A 67-year-old man presents with recurrent passage of bright-red blood and clots. After initial fluid replacement, his blood pressure is 126/74 mmHg and pulse is…