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A 12-year-old Aboriginal boy is seen at a community clinic for a sports form. His body mass index is well above the 95th centile for age. His mother mentions that the skin at the back of his neck and in his armpits has become dark, thick and velvety over the past year, and that she has been scrubbing it in the bath without effect. He is not thirsty, passes urine normally and feels well. His mother and his grandmother both take metformin. Which one of the following investigations is most likely to reveal the condition his skin change points to?
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