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A boy is born at 39 weeks weighing 4450 g to a woman whose gestational diabetes required insulin from 28 weeks. The birth was complicated by shoulder dystocia relieved by the McRoberts manoeuvre. He is vigorous and pink with Apgar scores of 8 and 9, moves both arms equally and has intact clavicles on palpation. His temperature is 36.8 degrees and his respiratory rate is 44/min. He is now 30 minutes old and has not yet fed. Which one of the following complications is he most likely to develop over the next few hours?
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