Foundations
Normal structure and function — anatomy, physiology, biochemistry. 37 questions.
A 27-year-old man had an intercostal catheter inserted through the fifth intercostal space in the midaxillary line after a crush injury to the chest. Two weeks…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 68-year-old man has become breathless over three weeks. He is examined sitting upright, and the right side of his chest expands less than the left. Bedside ul…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 52-year-old woman has had two months of numbness over the right forehead, the right upper eyelid and the tip of her nose, with a gritty feeling in the right e…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 44-year-old man has had 18 months of worsening hearing on the left with constant ringing in that ear. He still follows conversation in a quiet room but cannot…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 58-year-old man has sudden vertigo and a hoarse voice, and chokes when he drinks. The palate elevates to the right and there is no gag response when the left…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 27-year-old man was struck on the head at football a week ago. He now sees two images, one above the other, worst when reading or going down stairs. The verti…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 19-year-old man sustains a closed fracture of the right tibial shaft in a football tackle. The leg was grossly angulated at the scene and was straightened bef…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 68-year-old woman is reviewed six weeks after a right hip replacement performed through a lateral approach. She walks with her trunk lurching to the right. Wh…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 52-year-old woman has six months of tingling in the right thumb, index and middle fingers, worst at night and relieved by shaking the hand. The muscle bulk at…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 45-year-old storeman has three weeks of neck pain radiating into the right arm. Pushing a heavy door open with that arm is weak, and so is bending the wrist f…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 44-year-old cabinetmaker develops an ache in the upper right forearm over several weeks and then finds he cannot straighten his fingers. On examination he can…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 23-year-old man has recurrent episodes of muscle cramps during intense exercise. During an episode, plasma lactate rises from 1.2 to 1.5 mmol/L (reference 0.5…
Biomedical Science · Foundations · middle twist
A 79-year-old man living in Western Australia has recently been diagnosed with a terminal lung disease. He lives alone, receives the age pension, and holds a va…
Year 1 · Foundations · middle twist
A 36-year-old man presents with 2 days of fever, nausea, abdominal cramps, and watery diarrhoea after returning from a trip to Bali. He ate street food and dran…
Year 1 · Foundations · middle twist
A 62-year-old man presents with a bulge in his right groin that becomes more prominent when he coughs and reduces spontaneously when lying down. On examination,…
Year 4 · Foundations · middle twist
A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of severe diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever (38.5°C). His symptoms began appro…
Year 1 · Foundations · middle twist
A histological sample from a region with high mechanical stress shows stratified squamous epithelium. Which of the following characteristics would distinguish w…
Year 1 · Foundations · middle twist