Foundations
Normal structure and function — anatomy, physiology, biochemistry. 70 questions.
A 62-year-old man describes tightness across the chest when he walks up the hill to his home; it settles within three minutes of rest. He first noticed it a mon…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 40 minutes after he came off his motorcycle. He has a closed fracture of the right femur and a tense, s…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 68-year-old man with a 20-year history of hypertension is examined before elective hernia repair. His pulse is regular at 72 beats per minute. With the bell o…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 22-year-old man is struck in the left lower chest by a cricket ball. Two hours later he has constant pain at the tip of the left shoulder, worse when he lies…
Anatomy · Foundations · common
A 62-year-old man has had 4 months of worsening constipation with cramping pain that comes in waves and eases after a few minutes; he cannot point to one spot w…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 71-year-old woman has coughed violently for 3 weeks. Yesterday, during a bout of coughing, she felt sudden tearing pain in the right lower abdomen and now has…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 19-year-old man has had 20 hours of pain that began around the umbilicus and has settled in the right lower abdomen, with anorexia and a temperature of 37.9 C…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 58-year-old builder has noticed a bulge in the right groin over 6 months. It appears when he coughs or lifts and disappears when he lies down. On standing, th…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 27-year-old man had an intercostal catheter inserted through the fifth intercostal space in the midaxillary line after a crush injury to the chest. Two weeks…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 68-year-old man has become breathless over three weeks. He is examined sitting upright, and the right side of his chest expands less than the left. Bedside ul…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 26-year-old man is referred after a harsh systolic murmur is heard at a pre-season sports medical. He has no symptoms and plays club football. Echocardiograph…
Anatomy · Foundations · common
A 52-year-old woman has had two months of numbness over the right forehead, the right upper eyelid and the tip of her nose, with a gritty feeling in the right e…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 44-year-old man has had drooping of the right side of his face for three days. He drools from the right corner of his mouth, the right nasolabial fold is flat…
Anatomy · Foundations · common
A 44-year-old man has had 18 months of worsening hearing on the left with constant ringing in that ear. He still follows conversation in a quiet room but cannot…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 58-year-old man has sudden vertigo and a hoarse voice, and chokes when he drinks. The palate elevates to the right and there is no gag response when the left…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 27-year-old man was struck on the head at football a week ago. He now sees two images, one above the other, worst when reading or going down stairs. The verti…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 58-year-old man had a segment of superficial vein harvested from the right leg for a coronary bypass graft. The incision ran from just below the knee to the f…
Anatomy · Foundations · common
A 19-year-old man sustains a closed fracture of the right tibial shaft in a football tackle. The leg was grossly angulated at the scene and was straightened bef…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 68-year-old woman is reviewed six weeks after a right hip replacement performed through a lateral approach. She walks with her trunk lurching to the right. Wh…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 24-year-old man is stabbed in the right groin, the wound lying just below the inguinal ligament. Bleeding is controlled in the emergency department. He cannot…
Anatomy · Foundations · common