Foundations
Normal structure and function — anatomy, physiology, biochemistry. 70 questions.
A 52-year-old woman has six months of tingling in the right thumb, index and middle fingers, worst at night and relieved by shaking the hand. The muscle bulk at…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 45-year-old storeman has three weeks of neck pain radiating into the right arm. Pushing a heavy door open with that arm is weak, and so is bending the wrist f…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 58-year-old accountant has had six months of numbness in the right little finger and clumsiness doing up buttons. He rests his elbows on his desk all day and…
Anatomy · Foundations · niche
A 44-year-old cabinetmaker develops an ache in the upper right forearm over several weeks and then finds he cannot straighten his fingers. On examination he can…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 24-year-old man returns to clinic three weeks after coming off his motorbike onto his right shoulder. Radiographs at the time showed a fracture through the su…
Anatomy · Foundations · common
A 26-year-old woman has painless enlargement of several cervical lymph nodes, night sweats and generalised itch. She has no recent dental infection, cat exposur…
Haematology and Oncology · Foundations · common
A 23-year-old man has recurrent episodes of muscle cramps during intense exercise. During an episode, plasma lactate rises from 1.2 to 1.5 mmol/L (reference 0.5…
Biomedical Science · Foundations · middle twist
A patient with profuse watery diarrhoea caused by enterotoxin receives an oral solution containing sodium and glucose. Before treatment, stool output is high an…
Biomedical Science · Foundations · common
A 7-month-old infant becomes lethargic after an overnight fast during gastroenteritis. Blood glucose is 1.9 mmol/L (reference 3.5–6.0 mmol/L), beta-hydroxybutyr…
Biomedical Science · Foundations · niche
An enzyme catalyses conversion of substrate S to product P. Without inhibitor, Vmax is 120 μmol/min and the Michaelis constant is 4 mmol/L. In the presence of i…
Biomedical Science · Foundations · common
A 79-year-old man living in Western Australia has recently been diagnosed with a terminal lung disease. He lives alone, receives the age pension, and holds a va…
Year 1 · Foundations · middle twist
In a study of community-dwelling individuals, researchers observe varying prevalence rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria.In which of the following populations is…
Year 1 · Foundations · common
A 36-year-old man presents with 2 days of fever, nausea, abdominal cramps, and watery diarrhoea after returning from a trip to Bali. He ate street food and dran…
Year 1 · Foundations · middle twist
A 62-year-old man presents with a bulge in his right groin that becomes more prominent when he coughs and reduces spontaneously when lying down. On examination,…
Year 4 · Foundations · middle twist
A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of severe diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever (38.5°C). His symptoms began appro…
Year 1 · Foundations · middle twist
A biopsy of the tracheal epithelium shows a single layer of cells with nuclei at different levels, cilia, and mucus-secreting goblet cells. Which of the followi…
Year 1 · Foundations · common
Which of the following is TRUE about stratified columnar epithelium?
Year 1 · Foundations · niche
Which function is performed by stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Year 1 · Foundations · common
Which of the following is a location of stratified cuboidal epithelium in the body?
Year 1 · Foundations · common
What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Year 1 · Foundations · common