Respiratory Physiology

A 68-year-old man has had 4 days of fever, cough and left-sided pleuritic pain. There is dullness to percussion, bronchial breathing and increased vocal resonan…

A 76-year-old man is admitted after falling down four steps at home. He weighs 75 kg. He has fractures of the left fifth to eighth ribs and it hurts him to brea…

A 24-year-old man reports 12 months of increasing breathlessness on exertion. He climbs stairs slowly and pushes on his thighs to stand from a low chair. His co…

A 34-year-old woman has had 8 months of heavy menstrual bleeding. She is breathless climbing one flight of stairs and tired all day. Her conjunctivae are pale.…