Pulmonary examination and investigations

A 46-year-old man who drinks a bottle of spirits most days has vomited for three days and eaten nothing; he stopped drinking two days ago. He is alert, with epi…

Clinical rotations · niche

A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after an argument at home, breathing rapidly and deeply. She complains of tingling around…

Foundations · middle twist

A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after 30 minutes of rapid, deep breathing that began during an argument. She reports tingling around…

Foundations · middle twist

A 24-year-old man has passed up to twelve watery stools a day for five days after returning from a trek in Nepal. He is thirsty and weak. His pulse is 118/min a…

Foundations · middle twist

A 58-year-old man has vomited large volumes each day for nine days, bringing up food eaten the day before. The vomitus contains no bile. He has lost 5 kg, his m…

Foundations · middle twist

A 76-year-old man is admitted after falling down four steps at home. He weighs 75 kg. He has fractures of the left fifth to eighth ribs and it hurts him to brea…

Foundations · middle twist

A 60-year-old man with a history of chronic diarrhea presents with muscle weakness and lethargy. Laboratory tests show: potassium 3.1 mmol/L (3.5-5.0 mmol/L), b…

Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 50-year-old man presents to the emergency department with confusion, rapid breathing, and general weakness. He has a history of chronic kidney disease. On exa…

Clinical rotations · common

A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results are as follows: Parameter Given Value Reference Range pH 7.25 7.35 - 7.45 PaCO₂ 50 mmHg 35 - 45 mmHg HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L…

Foundations · common