Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (third-order neurone) and thalamocortical radiation

Third-order neurone / LMN · contralateral all modalities

Both the medial lemniscus and the spinothalamic tract end in the VPL, while the face arrives in the adjacent ventral posteromedial nucleus. Third-order neurones project through the posterior limb of the internal capsule as the thalamic radiation to the postcentral gyrus, so all sensation from the contralateral body converges here.

Traced from the start

  1. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Meissner, Pacinian, Merkel, Ruffini)Proprioceptors (muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ, joint receptors)
  2. Fasciculus gracilis (medial dorsal column)Fasciculus cuneatus (lateral dorsal column)
  3. Nucleus gracilis and cuneatus to internal arcuate fibres (sensory decussation, caudal medulla)
  4. Nociceptors and thermoreceptors (free nerve endings)
  5. Dorsolateral tract of Lissauer and dorsal horn synapse (Rexed laminae I, II and V)
  6. Anterior (ventral) white commissure
  7. Medial lemniscusLateral spinothalamic tract (anterolateral system)Anterior spinothalamic tract (crude touch and pressure)
  8. Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (third-order neurone) and thalamocortical radiation

Detail

Inputs
Medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract (body); trigeminal lemniscus to VPM (face)
Output
Thalamic radiation via the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the postcentral gyrus
Blood supply
Thalamogeniculate branches of the posterior cerebral artery

When it goes wrong

Thalamic (VPL) lacunar infarct or haemorrhage

Contralateral hemianaesthesia to all modalities including the face, without weakness (pure sensory stroke)

Dejerine-Roussy thalamic pain syndrome, weeks after a thalamic stroke

Severe spontaneous burning pain and allodynia in the numb contralateral side

Practise this structure

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