Mechanisms of disease
How disease happens — pathology, pharmacology, microbiology. 19 questions.
A 46-year-old man develops jaundice, dark urine and exertional dyspnoea over several weeks. He has splenomegaly, a haemoglobin concentration of 78 g/L (130–170)…
Haematology and Oncology · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 34-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder becomes restless, sweaty and confused six hours after venlafaxine was increased and tramadol was prescribed fo…
Emergency and Toxicology · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 48-year-old woman taking sotalol for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation has two brief episodes of collapse. The ECG monitor records recurrent bursts of polymorphi…
Emergency and Toxicology · Mechanisms of disease · common
A laboratory technician is found unconscious in a poorly ventilated garage. Arterial blood shows pH 7.39, PaO2 13.0 kPa (reference 10.7–13.3 kPa), and PaCO2 5.1…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 68-year-old man develops sudden pleuritic chest pain and tachypnoea after prolonged immobility. Arterial blood gas analysis on room air shows pH 7.48, PaCO2 3…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 35-year-old woman has palpitations and a 9 kg weight loss over 3 months. Her free thyroxine is 48 pmol/L (reference 10–22 pmol/L), TSH is less than 0.01 mIU/L…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A healthy adult receives an intravenous glucose load. Plasma glucose is 12 mmol/L (reference 3.5–7.8 mmol/L), the measured glomerular filtration rate is 120 mL/…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 48-year-old woman has a new holosystolic murmur and exertional dyspnoea. Echocardiography shows a regurgitant volume from the left ventricle into the left atr…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 62-year-old man undergoes left ventricular pressure-volume loop analysis during cardiac catheterisation. Before an intervention, his end-diastolic volume is 1…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 70-year-old man presents with dysuria, a slow urinary stream, and a feeling of incomplete emptying. Urinalysis shows leukocytes and nitrites. He is afebrile a…
Year 1 · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 45-year-old woman presents with a painful, swollen, red area on her right forearm that developed over the past two days. She reports a minor cut from gardenin…
Year 1 · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 39-year-old male presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain that worsens with a supine position and relieves with leaning…
Year 2 · Mechanisms of disease · common
Which of the following congenital abnormalities is most commonly associated with lithium use during pregnancy?
Year 4 · Mechanisms of disease · common
A patient who was recently diagnosed with cancer refuses chemotherapy, despite the physician recommendation. The physician respects the patient's decision. Whic…
Year 1 · Mechanisms of disease · common
Which of the following is the most common type of familial dyslipidemia associated with markedly elevated LDL cholesterol and a high risk of early cardiovascula…
Year 4 · Mechanisms of disease · common
Which of the following mediators plays a key role in pain sensitization by enhancing nociceptor activity?
Year 4 · Mechanisms of disease · common
What is the most common type of malignant tumor of the urinary tract?
Year 3 · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 7-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with his mother, who reports that he developed a sore throat in the morning, which has worsened throughout…
Year 3 · Mechanisms of disease · common
You are assessing Lucy, a 20-month-old child, in a routine pediatric check-up. Her parents are concerned because Lucy is not yet forming clear words, although s…
Year 3 · Mechanisms of disease · common