Renal Physiology

A 4-year-old girl has had puffy eyelids each morning for two weeks and now has swollen legs and a distended abdomen. Her blood pressure is 96/58 mmHg. Urine tes…

A 19-day-old boy has vomited after most feeds for the past week. He is 9 per cent below his birth weight, lethargic, with dry mucous membranes and cool peripher…

A 32-year-old woman has passed large volumes of pale urine for four months and drinks about eight litres of water each day, having decided this would improve he…

A 7-year-old boy has passed large volumes of urine and craved salty food since infancy, and he is small for his age. His blood pressure is 92/56 mmHg and he has…

A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a motorcycle crash. He has an unstable pelvic fracture and has lost an estimated 1500 mL of blood…