Foundational Sciences

A 24-year-old man presents with two hours of palpitations. He is alert, has no chest pain, and his blood pressure is 124/76 mmHg. The radial pulse is regular at…

A 34-year-old man is seen in the medical tent 20 minutes after finishing a marathon run on a cool, overcast morning. He drank water at every drink station. He h…

A 4-year-old girl has had puffy eyelids each morning for two weeks and now has swollen legs and a distended abdomen. Her blood pressure is 96/58 mmHg. Urine tes…

A 74-year-old man is reviewed on the ward because he has become drowsy. He is cold and mottled to the mid-forearms. Pulse 108 beats per minute and regular; bloo…

A 62-year-old man describes tightness across the chest when he walks up the hill to his home; it settles within three minutes of rest. He first noticed it a mon…

A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 40 minutes after he came off his motorcycle. He has a closed fracture of the right femur and a tense, s…

A 22-year-old man is struck in the left lower chest by a cricket ball. Two hours later he has constant pain at the tip of the left shoulder, worse when he lies…

A 26-year-old man is referred after a harsh systolic murmur is heard at a pre-season sports medical. He has no symptoms and plays club football. Echocardiograph…

A 44-year-old man has had drooping of the right side of his face for three days. He drools from the right corner of his mouth, the right nasolabial fold is flat…

A 58-year-old man had a segment of superficial vein harvested from the right leg for a coronary bypass graft. The incision ran from just below the knee to the f…

A 24-year-old man is stabbed in the right groin, the wound lying just below the inguinal ligament. Bleeding is controlled in the emergency department. He cannot…

A 24-year-old man returns to clinic three weeks after coming off his motorbike onto his right shoulder. Radiographs at the time showed a fracture through the su…