Foundational Sciences

A 46-year-old man attends the clinic nine months after cardiac transplantation. He feels well, has no chest pain and walks four kilometres most days. He takes n…

A 24-year-old man presents with two hours of palpitations. He is alert, has no chest pain, and his blood pressure is 124/76 mmHg. The radial pulse is regular at…

A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after an argument at home, breathing rapidly and deeply. She complains of tingling around…

A 43-year-old man is brought in 18 hours after a meal that included home-bottled vegetables. Over the past six hours his eyelids have drooped, his vision has do…

A 58-year-old man is freed after six hours trapped beneath a collapsed brick wall. He is alert, and both thighs are swollen and tender. He reports tingling in b…

A 46-year-old labourer is freed after six hours trapped beneath a collapsed brick wall. Both thighs are tense, swollen and tender, and he cannot move his toes.…

A 34-year-old man is seen in the medical tent 20 minutes after finishing a marathon run on a cool, overcast morning. He drank water at every drink station. He h…

A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after 30 minutes of rapid, deep breathing that began during an argument. She reports tingling around…

A 24-year-old man has passed up to twelve watery stools a day for five days after returning from a trek in Nepal. He is thirsty and weak. His pulse is 118/min a…

A 58-year-old man has vomited large volumes each day for nine days, bringing up food eaten the day before. The vomitus contains no bile. He has lost 5 kg, his m…

A 4-year-old girl has had puffy eyelids each morning for two weeks and now has swollen legs and a distended abdomen. Her blood pressure is 96/58 mmHg. Urine tes…

A 19-day-old boy has vomited after most feeds for the past week. He is 9 per cent below his birth weight, lethargic, with dry mucous membranes and cool peripher…

A 32-year-old woman has passed large volumes of pale urine for four months and drinks about eight litres of water each day, having decided this would improve he…

A 7-year-old boy has passed large volumes of urine and craved salty food since infancy, and he is small for his age. His blood pressure is 92/56 mmHg and he has…

A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a motorcycle crash. He has an unstable pelvic fracture and has lost an estimated 1500 mL of blood…

A 68-year-old man has had 4 days of fever, cough and left-sided pleuritic pain. There is dullness to percussion, bronchial breathing and increased vocal resonan…

A 76-year-old man is admitted after falling down four steps at home. He weighs 75 kg. He has fractures of the left fifth to eighth ribs and it hurts him to brea…

A 24-year-old man reports 12 months of increasing breathlessness on exertion. He climbs stairs slowly and pushes on his thighs to stand from a low chair. His co…

A 34-year-old woman has had 8 months of heavy menstrual bleeding. She is breathless climbing one flight of stairs and tired all day. Her conjunctivae are pale.…

A 74-year-old man is reviewed on the ward because he has become drowsy. He is cold and mottled to the mid-forearms. Pulse 108 beats per minute and regular; bloo…