Results for “physiology”
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A 68-year-old man has had 4 days of fever, cough and left-sided pleuritic pain. There is dullness to percussion, bronchial breathing and increased vocal resonan…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 76-year-old man is admitted after falling down four steps at home. He weighs 75 kg. He has fractures of the left fifth to eighth ribs and it hurts him to brea…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 24-year-old man reports 12 months of increasing breathlessness on exertion. He climbs stairs slowly and pushes on his thighs to stand from a low chair. His co…
Physiology · Foundations · niche
A 34-year-old woman has had 8 months of heavy menstrual bleeding. She is breathless climbing one flight of stairs and tired all day. Her conjunctivae are pale.…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 74-year-old man is reviewed on the ward because he has become drowsy. He is cold and mottled to the mid-forearms. Pulse 108 beats per minute and regular; bloo…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 62-year-old man describes tightness across the chest when he walks up the hill to his home; it settles within three minutes of rest. He first noticed it a mon…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 40 minutes after he came off his motorcycle. He has a closed fracture of the right femur and a tense, s…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 68-year-old man with a 20-year history of hypertension is examined before elective hernia repair. His pulse is regular at 72 beats per minute. With the bell o…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 19-year-old man sustains a closed fracture of the right tibial shaft in a football tackle. The leg was grossly angulated at the scene and was straightened bef…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 74-year-old woman with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents with increasing dyspnoea and drowsiness during a respiratory infection. On room a…
Respiratory · Clinical rotations · common
A 54-year-old woman has progressive exertional dyspnoea. Spirometry shows a forced expiratory volume in one second of 2.4 L (reference greater than 2.0 L) and a…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · middle twist
A laboratory technician is found unconscious in a poorly ventilated garage. Arterial blood shows pH 7.39, PaO2 13.0 kPa (reference 10.7–13.3 kPa), and PaCO2 5.1…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 68-year-old man develops sudden pleuritic chest pain and tachypnoea after prolonged immobility. Arterial blood gas analysis on room air shows pH 7.48, PaCO2 3…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A patient with profuse watery diarrhoea caused by enterotoxin receives an oral solution containing sodium and glucose. Before treatment, stool output is high an…
Biomedical Science · Foundations · common
A 35-year-old woman has palpitations and a 9 kg weight loss over 3 months. Her free thyroxine is 48 pmol/L (reference 10–22 pmol/L), TSH is less than 0.01 mIU/L…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 29-year-old woman has a plasma bicarbonate concentration of 15 mmol/L (reference 22–29 mmol/L) and a normal anion gap. Her urine pH is 6.2 during bicarbonate…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · middle twist
A healthy adult receives an intravenous glucose load. Plasma glucose is 12 mmol/L (reference 3.5–7.8 mmol/L), the measured glomerular filtration rate is 120 mL/…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 48-year-old woman has a new holosystolic murmur and exertional dyspnoea. Echocardiography shows a regurgitant volume from the left ventricle into the left atr…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 62-year-old man undergoes left ventricular pressure-volume loop analysis during cardiac catheterisation. Before an intervention, his end-diastolic volume is 1…
Biomedical Science · Mechanisms of disease · common
A 25-year-old motorcyclist is brought to the emergency department after a high-speed crash, complaining of left-sided chest pain and severe breathlessness; he c…
Emergency and Toxicology · Pre-internship · common